Roman Numerals Chart: 1-1000 Reference Guide
The most comprehensive Roman numerals chart on the web. Learn the symbols, rules, and proper formation with our detailed reference guide.
Basic Numbers (1-10)
1
I
2
II
3
III
4
IV
5
V
6
VI
7
VII
8
VIII
9
IX
10
X
Tens (10-100)
10
X
20
XX
30
XXX
40
XL
50
L
60
LX
70
LXX
80
LXXX
90
XC
100
C
Hundreds (100-1000)
100
C
200
CC
300
CCC
400
CD
500
D
600
DC
700
DCC
800
DCCC
900
CM
1000
M
The Rules of Roman Numerals
Understanding the fundamental principles behind Roman numeral formation
The Basic Symbols
I
1
V
5
X
10
L
50
C
100
D
500
M
1000
The Addition Rule
When a smaller numeral appears after a larger one, add the values together.
VI
V + I = 5 + 1 = 6
XIII
X + III = 10 + 3 = 13
MCLX
M + C + L + X = 1160
The Subtraction Rule
When a smaller numeral appears before a larger one, subtract the smaller from the larger. Only I, X, and C can be used for subtraction.
IV
4
One before five
IX
9
One before ten
XL
40
Ten before fifty
XC
90
Ten before hundred
CD
400
Hundred before five hundred
CM
900
Hundred before thousand
Important Formation Rules
- Repetition Rule: I, X, C, and M can be repeated up to three times consecutively (III = 3, XXX = 30)
- No Repetition: V, L, and D are never repeated
- Subtraction Limits: Only one smaller numeral may precede a larger one (IX is correct, IIX is not)
- Subtraction Restrictions: I can only precede V and X; X can only precede L and C; C can only precede D and M
- Order Matters: Numerals are written from largest to smallest, left to right
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